In the ever-evolving digital advertising landscape, ad fraud poses a significant challenge to advertisers and publishers alike. Advertisers spend billions of dollars annually due to fraudulent activities that artificially inflate impressions and clicks. To combat this growing problem, developers have implemented sophisticated detection strategies.

Banner ads are a prevalent form of online advertising that typically appear at the sides of web pages. These rectangular advertisements display graphical content to attract potential customers. Banner ads are known for their wide reach and capability to successfully promote products or services. They commonly employ appealing designs and compelling